Assessment of agricultural adaptations to climate change from a water-energy-food nexus perspective

18777 6 101524 2 310372 document 101524 1-s2.0-S0378377423002081-main.pdf application/pdf c3e44e28d154671f6f16cef7dab9293c MD5 7572084 2023-05-09 11:04:22 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/18777/1/1-s2.0-S0378377423002081-main.pdf 18777 1 1 application/pdf text en public cc_by_nc_nd_4

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/101524 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/101524 http://eprints.org/relation/issmallThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/101524 archive 353 disk0/00/01/87/77 2023-05-09 11:05:31 2023-05-09 11:05:31 2023-05-09 11:05:31 article show Wu L. Elshorbagy A. 9801 Helgason W. Assessment of agricultural adaptations to climate change from a water-energy-food nexus perspective pub BNR WAT Agricultural adaptation strategies; Climate change impacts; Sustainable development; Water productivity; Water-energy-food nexus Adapting agriculture to climate change without deteriorating natural resources (e.g., water and energy) is critical to sustainable development. In this paper, we first comprehensively evaluate six agricultural adaptations in response to climate change (2021–2050) through the lens of the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus in Saskatchewan, Canada, using a previously developed nexus model—WEF-Sask. The adaptations involve agronomic measures (early planting date, reducing soil evaporation, irrigation expansion), genetic improvement (cultivars with larger growing degree days (GDD) requirement), and combinations of individual adaptations. The results show that the selected adaptations compensate for crop yield losses (wheat, canola, pea), caused by climate change, to various extents. However, from a nexus perspective, there are mixed effects on water productivity (WP), total agricultural water (green and blue) use, energy consumption for irrigation, and hydropower generation. Individual adaptations such as early planting date and increased GDD requirement compensate for yield losses in both rainfed (0–60 %) and irrigated (18–100 %) conditions with extra use of green water (5–7 %), blue water (2–14 %), and energy for irrigation (2–14 %). Reducing soil water evaporation benefits the overall WEF nexus by compensating for rainfed yield losses (25–82 %) with less use of blue water and energy consumption for irrigation. The combination of the above three adaptations has the potential to sustain agricultural production in water-scarce regions. If irrigation expansion is also included, the combined adaptation almost fully offsets agricultural production losses from climate change but significantly increases blue water use (143–174 %) and energy consumption for irrigation while reducing hydropower production (3 %). This study provides an approach to comprehensively evaluating agricultural adaptation strategies, in response to climate change, and insights to inform decision-makers. 2023-06-30 published Elsevier doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108343 3467 public Agricultural Water Management 284 e108343 TRUE 1873-2283 no info:eu-repo/semantics/article