Safe and just Earth system boundaries

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/101740 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/101740 http://eprints.org/relation/issmallThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/101740 archive 353 disk0/00/01/88/32 2023-05-31 15:48:23 2024-09-09 12:42:07 2023-05-31 15:48:23 article show Rockström J. Gupta J. Qin D. Lade S.J. Abrams J.F. Andersen L.S. Armstrong McKay D.I. Bai X. Bala G. Bunn S.E. Ciobanu D. DeClerck F. Ebi K. Gifford L. Gordon C. Hasan S. Kanie N. Lenton T.M. Loriani S. Liverman D.M. Mohamed A. Nakicenovic N. 395 0000-0001-7176-4604 Obura D. Ospina D. Prodani K. Rammelt C. Sakschewski B. Scholtens J. Stewart-Koster B. Tharammal T. van Vuuren D. Verburg P.H. Winkelmann R. Zimm C. 2073 0000-0001-5603-1015 Bennett E.M. Bringezu S. Broadgate W. Green P.A. Huang L. Jacobson L. Ndehedehe C. Pedde S. Rocha J. Scheffer M. Schulte-Uebbing L. de Vries W. Xiao C. Xu C. Xu X. Zafra-Calvo N. Zhang X. Safe and just Earth system boundaries pub ECE IACC TISS POPJUS EQU The stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are inseparably linked1,2,3, yet their interdependencies are generally under-recognized; consequently, they are often treated independently4,5. Here, we use modelling and literature assessment to quantify safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for climate, the biosphere, water and nutrient cycles, and aerosols at global and subglobal scales. We propose ESBs for maintaining the resilience and stability of the Earth system (safe ESBs) and minimizing exposure to significant harm to humans from Earth system change (a necessary but not sufficient condition for justice)4. The stricter of the safe or just boundaries sets the integrated safe and just ESB. Our findings show that justice considerations constrain the integrated ESBs more than safety considerations for climate and atmospheric aerosol loading. Seven of eight globally quantified safe and just ESBs and at least two regional safe and just ESBs in over half of global land area are already exceeded. We propose that our assessment provides a quantitative foundation for safeguarding the global commons for all people now and into the future. 2023-05-31 published Nature Publishing Group 10.1038/s41586-023-06083-8 214 347 public Nature TRUE 1476-4687 no info:eu-repo/semantics/article