Energy networks are a core component of the European energy system. As energy supply and use cause 77 % of the EU’s total greenhouse gas emissions, the design and development of the EU’s energy networks define the EU’s transition towards a decarbonised and resilient energy system. The EU’s success in reaching its 2050 climate neutrality target depends on energy infrastructure investment decisions of today. Achievement of EU climate goals depends on further renewable energy-based electrification, which, in turn, relies on the availability, resilience and innovativeness of electricity grids.