Carbon absorption and storage is one of the important ecosystem functions of forests. Modern science is tasked with studying the possibilities of strengthening this function in order to counter the increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Forestry activities, in particular the use of mineral fertilizers, are an effective way to increase forest productivity and enhance their carbon-absorbing capacity. This review aims to summarize the accumulated experience of using mineral fertilizers in boreal and temperate forests from the point of view of the carbon sequestration function of the forest.