Inequities blocking the path to circular economies: A bio-inspired network-based approach for assessing the sustainability of the global trade of waste metals

20079 7 107831 2 326960 document 107831 1-s2.0-S0921344924005494-main.pdf application/pdf d8c1fb49eb13c39d69d781fe0af730df MD5 4044792 2024-10-29 08:20:00 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/20079/1/1-s2.0-S0921344924005494-main.pdf 20079 1 1 application/pdf text en public cc_by_4

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/107831 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/107831 http://eprints.org/relation/issmallThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/107831 archive 353 disk0/00/02/00/79 2024-10-29 08:26:16 2024-10-29 08:26:16 2024-10-29 08:26:16 article show Zisopoulos F.K. Fath B. 7597 0000-0001-9440-6842 Toboso-Chavero S. Huang H. Schraven D. Steuer B. Stefanakis A. Clark O.G. Scrieciu S. Singh S. Noll D. de Jong M. Inequities blocking the path to circular economies: A bio-inspired network-based approach for assessing the sustainability of the global trade of waste metals pub ASA SYRR Resilience, Resource-use efficiency, Ecological network analysis, Ascendency analysis, Bio-inspired design, Waste trade Considering the importance of waste metals for the transition to circular economies, this study follows a bioinspired approach to evaluate their material and monetary global trade patterns for sustainability and equity. Between 2000 and 2022, the global trade grew by 5 % in trading countries, by 37 % in trade links, by 71 % in material flows, and by 569 % in economic flows. Driven by indirect effects, the average circulation of material and monetary flows ranged between 21.8-34.9 - 34.9 % depending on the demand or supply perspective but showed a declining trend. Due to homogenization, high network redundancy, and low network efficiency the trade remained robust yet outside the "window of vitality" characterizing natural ecosystems. A few, mostly high-income countries dominated the market, consolidating imports of high-value metal waste mostly from low- and middle- income exporters. Policies should address circularity and trade inequities, accounting for environmental and social ramifications throughout the lifecycle of products and materials. 2025-01 published Elsevier doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107958 84 public Resources, Conservation and Recycling 212 e107958 TRUE 0921-3449 no info:eu-repo/semantics/article