20125 9 108134 3 327636 document 108134 wu-et-al-2024-the-evolution-of-traditional-chinese-medicine-as-recombinant-inventions.pdf application/pdf 0a85b8ae7ca4feb99e5f35d3a3de6966 MD5 4742489 2024-11-20 08:30:27 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/20125/1/wu-et-al-2024-the-evolution-of-traditional-chinese-medicine-as-recombinant-inventions.pdf 20125 1 1 application/pdf text en public cc_by_nc_nd_4

wu-et-al-2024-the-evolution-of-traditional-chinese-medicine-as-recombinant-inventions.pdf

published 108135 1 327638 document 108135 indexcodes.txt text/x-c++ 396b22389b77320cdec6a9a12df8f048 MD5 10019 2024-11-20 08:30:56 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/20125/2/indexcodes.txt 20125 2 2 text/x-c++ other Generate index codes conversion from text to indexcodes en public

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/108134 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/108134 http://eprints.org/relation/islightboxThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/108134 108137 2 327640 document 108137 preview.jpg image/png 5df006be5bec169f88599ff6b98cb887 MD5 26456 2024-11-20 08:31:00 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/20125/4/preview.jpg 20125 4 4 image/png other Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview en public

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/108134 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/108134 http://eprints.org/relation/ismediumThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/108134 108139 2 327642 document 108139 small.jpg image/png b3511ffa5faf554f82274cf1ad821c44 MD5 1897 2024-11-20 08:31:01 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/20125/6/small.jpg 20125 6 6 image/png other Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small en public

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/108134 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/108134 http://eprints.org/relation/issmallThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/108134 archive 353 disk0/00/02/01/25 2024-11-18 10:01:28 2024-11-20 08:30:27 2024-11-18 10:01:28 article show Wu M. Ma T. 1804 Zhu Y. Ren H. Fu L. pub ECE S3 TISS Traditional Chinese Medicine; evolution; network science; recombinant invention It has been widely recognized that technologies evolve with recombinant inventions. However, it remains unknown whether technologies developed using different approaches would exhibit different features during evolution. In particular, would technologies developed mainly based on accumulated experience in practices-formulas of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are typical examples of such technologies-have similar evolution features found in modern technologies? This study applied network science to explore the evolution of TCM from the perspective of recombinant inventions based on 59,063 TCM formulas documented over the last two thousand years, with each formula being a combination of components that are mostly herbs. Our results show that similar to modern technological systems, the TCM component networks maintained the core-periphery structures during evolution, and the (weighted) degrees of components followed heavy-tailed distributions. Moreover, simple tuples, which are frequently used combinations of TCM components, serve as building blocks for complex ones. A significant difference with modern technological systems is that the TCM core components were quite stable, while substitutions of core components are frequently observed in modern technological systems, leading to new technological trajectories. TCM comprises ancient knowledge and wisdom. This research provides insight into how it will be like in the future and what is important for its future. 2024-11-07 published National Academy of Sciences doi:10.1073/pnas.2400812121 191 public Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121 46 e2400812121 TRUE 1091-6490 no info:eu-repo/semantics/article