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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/109928 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/109928 http://eprints.org/relation/issmallThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/109928 archive 353 disk0/00/02/06/18 2025-05-26 07:38:56 2025-05-26 07:38:56 2025-05-26 07:38:56 article show Palatnik R. 9185 0000-0003-4238-456X Borowitzka M. Hochman G. Zilberman D. pub ECE IACC Abstract Establishing new bio-based sectors requires effective implementation of innovation and production supply chains, often competing with established synthetic technologies. Our analytical model conceptualizes the competition between an incumbent industry and a competitive fringe, each producing differentiated products. Although motivated by the β-carotene case, the model is versatile and applicable to other contexts involving novel products entering markets dominated by established technologies. Developed by university researchers and commercialized by start-ups, natural β-carotene was eventually integrated into major synthetic corporations. Initially niche and costly, it gained market competitiveness through innovation and expanded applications, driving technological advancements and significantly benefiting the broader algae-based industry. 2025-05-21 published Oxford University Press (OUP) doi:10.1093/erae/jbaf019 3223 public European Review of Agricultural Economics jbaf019 TRUE 1464-3618 info:eu-repo/semantics/article