The nature-based solution implementation gap: A review of nature-based solution governance barriers and enablers

20638 7 110013 2 333391 document 110013 1-s2.0-S0301479725019838-main.pdf application/pdf 64024dab675040e4fbc78cf4b2bc0e8b MD5 3857828 2025-06-02 07:48:08 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/20638/1/1-s2.0-S0301479725019838-main.pdf 20638 1 1 application/pdf text en public cc_by_4

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/110013 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/110013 http://eprints.org/relation/issmallThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/110013 archive 353 disk0/00/02/06/38 2025-06-02 07:52:11 2025-06-02 07:52:11 2025-06-02 07:52:11 article show Martin J. 2234 0000-0002-2862-8540 Scolobig A. 1919 Linnerooth-Bayer J. 1354 Irshaid J. 2101 Aguilera Rodriguez J.J. Fresolone-Caparrós A. 2243 0000-0001-7221-3337 Oen A. The nature-based solution implementation gap: A review of nature-based solution governance barriers and enablers pub BNR BEC WAT POPJUS EQU Barriers; Enablers; Governance; Nature-based solutions; Policy Nature-based solutions (NbS) represent a critical umbrella concept encompassing measures that employ nature's properties to systemically address societal challenges, potentially providing benefits for biodiversity, climate and people. NbS are accordingly emerging on an ever-expanding number of policy agendas, such as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and multiple European Union strategies. However, despite this increasing political traction, NbS implementation (that is, the design, planning, construction, monitoring and maintenance of NbS) remains fragmented and is often too context-specific for their wider upscaling and mainstreaming, creating an 'NbS implementation gap' between ambitions and on-the-ground operationalization. Based on a systematic review of grey- and peer-reviewed literature and workshop results (N = 34), we identify and discuss the institutional, legal, regulatory, social and economic enablers (N = 301) and barriers (N = 307) to NbS implementation. Our results highlight the governance factors that currently facilitate or limit NbS implementation and mainstreaming, which are often homologous. These include inclusive stakeholder engagement processes and true co-design; an evidence base on NbS performance and their co-benefits, including quantitative cost-benefit analyses; the existence of or lack of knowledge products and NbS-specific expertise; and available funds earmarked for NbS. We find that polycentric governance arrangements may act as a critical enabler for NbS implementation, yet path dependencies significantly limit NbS by still favouring grey alternatives. By providing an overview of NbS implementation enablers and barriers across literature and workshop findings, this analysis represents a first step towards understanding key pitfalls and leverage points for enhancing NbS implementation and mainstreaming. 2025-07 published Elsevier doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126007 3120 2607 182 133 3291 public Journal of Environmental Management 388 e126007 1 TRUE 1095-8630 'According to nature' - solutions to reduce risk in mountain landscapes (PHUSICOS, H2020 776681) The Human-Tech Nexus - Building a Safe Haven to cope with Climate Extremes (The HuT, HE 101073957) yes info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/776681/EU//PHUSICOS; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101073957/EU//The HuT info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess