Thresholds of significant harm at global level: The journey of the Earth Commission

20656 6 110059 2 333534 document 110059 1-s2.0-S2589811625000291-main.pdf application/pdf dce68dec6602af1c30c6f8272dc50916 MD5 1612784 2025-06-10 06:42:58 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/20656/1/1-s2.0-S2589811625000291-main.pdf 20656 1 1 application/pdf text en public cc_by_4

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published 110060 2 333542 document 110060 lightbox.jpg image/png 51c9c1d5c626a25deab5962353b2f2ad MD5 49742 2025-06-10 06:53:01 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/20656/2/lightbox.jpg 20656 2 2 image/png other Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox en public

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/110059 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/110059 http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/110059 archive 353 disk0/00/02/06/56 2025-06-10 06:46:07 2025-06-10 06:46:07 2025-06-10 06:46:07 article show Gupta J. Abrams J.F. McKay D.A. Bai X. Ebi K.L. Fezzigna P. Gentile G. Gifford L. Hasan S. Jacobson L. Karg A. Lade S. Lenton T. Liverman D. Mohamed A. Nakicenovic N. 395 0000-0001-7176-4604 Obura D. Rockström J. Stewart-Koster B. van Vuuren D. Verburg P. Ylla-Català R.C. Zimm C. 2073 0000-0001-5603-1015 Thresholds of significant harm at global level: The journey of the Earth Commission pub ECE IACC TISS POPJUS EQU No significant harm, Planetary boundaries, Earth system justice, Access and allocation, Earth system boundaries, Just boundaries The planetary boundary framework proposes ‘safe’ boundaries, but these boundaries are not necessarily ‘just’. Hence, we ask: How has the Earth Commission defined just boundaries building on the concept of minimizing significant harm and how many people are currently exposed to harm above the safe and just threshold? We document the work of the Earth Commission to address these questions using our Earth System Justice framework. We conclude that: (a) from a justice perspective, nine criteria need to be considered when defining just boundaries; (b) the proportions of populations exposed to harm from exceeding safe and just boundaries today range from 11 to 84 % for the five domains studied (climate, biosphere, water, nutrients, aerosols); and (c) argue that the absolute upper limit for significant harm is possibly harm to 1 % of the population, which although not stringent enough to leave no one behind, would require radical transformations, given the populations currently already above the threshold. 2025-08 published doi:10.1016/j.esg.2025.100263 214 347 public Earth System Governance 25 e100263 1 TRUE 25898116 info:eu-repo/semantics/article