Towards Clean Air in Nepal: Benefits, Pollution Sources, and Solutions

20691 9 110139 2 333782 document 110139 P176456-fd25d1c4-c05a-4740-9984-ada6a89056a2.pdf application/pdf 87e6fb71ce6cafdb90669836dcf0922a MD5 20499923 2025-06-23 06:08:37 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/20691/1/P176456-fd25d1c4-c05a-4740-9984-ada6a89056a2.pdf 20691 1 1 application/pdf text en public arr

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/110139 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/110139 http://eprints.org/relation/issmallThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/110139 archive 353 disk0/00/02/06/91 2025-06-23 06:11:57 2025-06-23 06:12:35 2025-06-23 06:11:57 other show 1 World Bank http://www.loc.gov/loc.terms/relators/AUT Klimont Z. 1473 http://www.loc.gov/loc.terms/relators/AUT Purohit P. 1873 http://www.loc.gov/loc.terms/relators/AUT Kiesewetter G. 8472 http://www.loc.gov/loc.terms/relators/AUT Wagner F. 1789 http://www.loc.gov/loc.terms/relators/AUT Schoepp W. 1017 http://www.loc.gov/loc.terms/relators/AUT Gomez Sanabria A. 2092 Towards Clean Air in Nepal: Benefits, Pollution Sources, and Solutions pub ECE ECEPM TISS Hazardous air pollution poses significant health and economic challenges for Nepal. Air pollution raises public health concerns in Nepal, particularly in the country’s two geographic hotspots: the Kathmandu Valley and the Terai (southern plain areas bordering India). In these two areas, the annual average particulate matter (PM) (i.e. PM of less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, which is the most critical air pollutant) concentrations reach 37 and 39 µg/m3, respectively. This exposure is between seven to eight times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value of 5 µg/m3. These levels of air pollution shorten the average life expectancy of Nepal’s residents by more than three years, and lead to almost 26,000 premature deaths each year. Beyond health impacts, poor air quality leads to reduced labor productivity and negatively impacts tourism (lower visibility of the Himalayas and cancelled flights). Overall, poor air quality is estimated to cost the equivalent of more than six percent of Nepal’s gross domestic product (GDP) each year. The main objectives of this report are to identify the levels, patterns, and sources of air pollution in Nepal, assess its health and economic impacts, and present solutions to improve air quality. The recommendations are based on a foundational diagnostic review of Nepal’s existing air quality management actions. The report aims to provide comprehensive insights and actionable policy options for the government, stakeholders, and the public to support urgent and effective interventions. 2025-06 published The World Bank https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099060525033528377 159 239 154 321 273 107 public Washington D.C. info:eu-repo/semantics/other