Integrated assessment of the costs and benefits of reactive nitrogen emission and mitigation: a methodological review and framework proposal

21255 6 112463 2 340058 document 112463 1-s2.0-S295047672500025X-main.pdf application/pdf 489d3ce7d8b01fe7a47b99b1f1eaf928 MD5 3406354 2026-01-23 08:35:31 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/21255/1/1-s2.0-S295047672500025X-main.pdf 21255 1 1 application/pdf text en public cc_by_nc_nd_4

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published 112465 1 340071 document 112465 indexcodes.txt text/x-c e59c875e2d80cef8fe5ef1038c1aceec MD5 21056 2026-01-23 08:45:27 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/21255/2/indexcodes.txt 21255 2 2 text/x-c other Generate index codes conversion from text to indexcodes en public

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/112463 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/112463 http://eprints.org/relation/issmallThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/112463 archive 353 disk0/00/02/12/55 2026-01-23 08:37:37 2026-01-23 08:37:37 2026-01-23 08:37:37 article show Zhang X. 2529 0000-0002-1961-3339 Winiwarter W. 1775 0000-0001-7131-1496 van Grinsven H.J.M. Zhang S. 8733 0000-0003-2487-8574 Klimont Z. 1473 0000-0003-2630-198X Chen D. Integrated assessment of the costs and benefits of reactive nitrogen emission and mitigation: a methodological review and framework proposal pub ECE ECEPM Reactive nitrogen, Emission control, Nitrogen management, Cost-benefit analysis, Integrated assessment Reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions represent one of the most pressing challenges at the interface of environment, human health, and climate, yet their assessment remains methodologically fragmented and geographically uneven. This review synthesizes 398 studies from environmental science, environmental economics, agricultural systems, epidemiology, and ecosystem ecology published between 2000 and 2025 to evaluate the costs and benefits of nitrogen emissions and mitigation strategies. The methodological approaches discussed include emission inventories, cost-benefit analysis, and integrated assessment models that connect environmental and economic outcomes. We found that despite progress achieved through expanding global and regional studies, significant fragmentation persists in nitrogen assessment approaches, limiting the potential to provide generalizable insights and coherent policy recommendations. Moreover, comprehensive cost-benefit assessments of nitrogen management are often underdeveloped, with significant uncertainties and a lack of integration across environmental, economic, and societal dimensions. Building on this analysis, we propose an integrated nitrogen assessment framework (INAF) that systematically connects emission quantification, impact evaluation, mitigation cost and benefit analysis. This framework provides a pathway toward more comprehensive, transparent, and policy-relevant assessments. Our findings emphasize the urgent need for harmonized methodologies, cross-scale integration, and stronger interdisciplinary collaboration. By identifying knowledge gaps and outlining future directions, this review aims to accelerate the development of robust and actionable strategies for sustainable nitrogen management. 2025-11 published Elsevier doi:10.1016/j.ecz.2025.100047 3828 335 2906 159 public Earth Critical Zone 2 e100047 1 TRUE 2950-4767 info:eu-repo/semantics/article