21454 4 archive 353 disk0/00/02/14/54 2026-04-07 12:35:41 2026-04-07 12:35:41 2026-04-07 12:35:41 article show 1 Aczel B Szaszi B. Clelland H. Kovacs M. Holzmeister F. van Ravenzwaaij D. Schulz-Kümpel H. Hoffmann S. Nilsonne G. Kosa L. Torma Z. Abdelfatah Y. Aberson C. Acar O. Acem E. Adamkovic M. Adamovich T. Adiasto K. Ahnström L. Akil A. Al-Busaidi A. Al-Hoorie A. Albers C. Allen P. Alsalti T. Altman M. Alzahawi S. Ambrosini E. Anafinova S. Anand R. Angerer M. Angulo-Brunet A. Antonietti A. Arato J. Arenas A. Aviña M. Azevedo F. Bachl M. Bago B. Bahník Š. Baker B. Balayan E. Baldwin C. Banai B. Banas K. Bartoš F. Baskin E. Bastiaansen J. Bault N. Bauman C. Beazer Q. Behnke M. Bendixen T. Berger S. Bernard A. Bernardic U. Bloom P. Boldt A. Bosch-Rosa C. Botvinik-Nezer R. Bouyamourn A. Bozkurt O. Brehm L. Breuer J. Briggs R. Brohmer H. Buchanan E. Buckenmaier J. Buckley J. Buczny J. Burghart M. Butt B. Byrd N. Cafarelli V. Callahan P. Capitán T. Carriere K. Cataldo A. Cepaluni G. Chan E. Chandler J. Chang C. Chen X. Chen S. Chen F. Chen H. Chirkov V. Cialfi D. Clarke B. Coelho S. Cohen C. Collins J. Cook S. Corlazzoli G. Cummins J. Czymara C. D’hondt J. Rosa A. Davis A. Davis C. Day M. De Keyzer F. de Leeuw J. de Vries T. Debnath R. Dechterenko F. Demiral E. Desgroseilliers M. Dianovics D. Diveica V. Dochow-Sondershaus S. Dohle S. Dong L. Dora J. Dorrough A. Dreber A. Du H. Edlund J. Eerland A. Efendić E. Elder J. Elsherif M. Ernst M. Estrada E. Eudave L. Evans T. Farrera A. Ferrouhi E. Fiala L. Fialho F. Fiechter J. Fišar M. Flores-Kanter P. Folwarczny M. Fossum J. Franco V. Freichel R. Freire D. Frese J. Furnas A. Gaebler J. Gajary L. Galang C. Ganschow B. Garrison S. Gasiorowska A. Ponne B. Gauriot R. Geminiani A. Geraldes D. Gernsbacher M. Giani C. Glerean E. Gligorić V. Gnambs T. Godefroidt A. González-Bustamante B. Goreis A. Graf-Vlachy L. Grieder M. Grigoryev D. Grinschgl S. Grüning D. Guassi Moreira J. Guichet C. Gurgand L. Habibnia H. Hafenbrack A. Hafenbrädl S. Häffner C. Hagemeister F. Haigh M. Hajdu N. Hajimoladarvish N. Hall J. Hamjediers M. Hardwick R. Harma M. Harp N. Hartvig A. 2562 0000-0001-5827-7174 Heiberger R. Heim A. Hernæs A. Hernaus D. Heyman T. Hicks J. Hogeveen J. Höpler J. Houlihan S. Huber C. Hughes C. Hummler T. Huth K. Ingendahl M. Ishii T. Isler O. Izydorczak K. Jackson I. Jahn A. Jain M. Jakubow A. Jang D. Jang J. Jekel M. Jia F. Jiménez-Leal W. Johnson R. Jones A. Jungkunz S. Kačmár P. Kaiser C. Kalaycı Y. Kantorowicz J. Karabulut A. Karch J. Karimi-Rouzbahani H. Karl J. Kažemekaitytė A. Kazlou A. Kekecs Z. Kim J. Kirchler M. Kiss-Dobronyi B. Klasmeier K. Klein J. Koba C. Kołczyńska M. Kolias P. Kolouch Grabovský M. Korbmacher M. Korda Ž. Kowal M. Kretzschmar A. Krivoshchekov V. Krypotos A. Kubsch M. Kunisato Y. Lacko D. Landwehr J. Lange M. Lee H. Lee D. Lee S. Lemay E. Lempert D. Leo A. Lesage E. Levin J. Li P. Lin J. Lindsay L. Lisovoj D. Liu M. Liu S. Liu T. Iacono S. Lodder P. López-Bueno R. Lopez-Nicolas R. Loter K. Lou N. Lovakov A. Lu J. Ludwig J. Luebber F. Lukavský J. Luo C. Lyu X. Maassen E. Máčel M. Mack M. Madan C. Mädebach A. Maffly-Kipp J. Mallinson D. Marchetti I. Marghetis T. Marini M. Fages D. Martínez M. Martinoli M. Masiliunas A. Massoni S. Mathieu K. Mayer S. Mayer D. Mayer M. McCormick E. McDonough I. McGowan A. McIntyre M. McKee P. Meier A. Meier P. Melero H. Merkle C. Merz R. Michaelides M. Michaelsen P. Mikolajczak G. pub ECE S3 Unmapped bibliographic data: JO - Nature [Field not mapped to EPrints] The same dataset can be analysed in different justifiable ways to answer the same research question, potentially challenging the robustness of empirical science1â��3. In this crowd initiative, we investigated the degree to which research findings in the social and behavioural sciences are contingent on analystsâ�� choices. We examined a stratified random sample of 100 studies published between 2009 and 2018, in which, for one claim per study, at least five reanalysts independently reanalysed the original data. The statistical appropriateness of the reanalyses was assessed in peer evaluations, and the robustness indicators were inspected along a range of research characteristics and study designs. We found that 34% of the independent reanalyses yielded the same result (within a tolerance region of ±0.05 Cohenâ��s d) as the original report; with a four times broader tolerance region, this indicator increased to 57%. Of the reanalyses conducted, 74% reached the same conclusion as the original investigation, 24% yielded no effects or inconclusive results and 2% reported the opposite effect. This exploratory study indicates that the common single-path analyses in social and behavioural research should not be simply assumed to be robust to alternative analyses4. Therefore, we recommend the development and use of practices to explore and communicate this neglected source of uncertainty. 2026-04-01 published Nature Publishing Group 10.1038/s41586-025-09844-9 3871 none Nature 652 8108 135-142 8 TRUE 1476-4687 info:eu-repo/semantics/article