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<abstract xmlns="http://eprints.org/ep2/data/2.0">Geopolitical crises are traditionally viewed through the lens of oil markets and grain trade. However, the resilience of global food systems depends equally on the stability of agricultural input supply chains. While global attention has been devoted to diversifying grain supply chains following the Russia–Ukraine war, a critical vulnerability remains overlooked: the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer exports passing through the Strait of Hormuz.</abstract>
