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Also it may be important to be able to estimate in advance the detectability of the environmental changes that would ensue if a particular management strategy (e.g., a 30% reduction in sulphur emissions) were to be adopted. Monitoring systems have not traditionally been set up for these purposes. 

This paper includes a discussion of the factors to be considered in the design of early-warning monitoring systems, and gives some examples. One approach that appears to be particularly promising is that of identifying, quantifying and monitoring the stresses, feedbacks and component lags in the environmental-ecological system being studied.</abstract>
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