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The study shows that during the course of demographic transition concentration increases while the average level of fertility decreases. This strong negative association holds for time series of the historical fertility decline in Germany and Austria and also very clearly for the cross-section of 41 LDCs. The recent fertility decline in China presents a major exception from this general pattern since it was not associated with increasing concentration. In modern European societies concentration has been diminishing mainly because of an approximation of real parity distributions to the relatively homogeneous expected family sizes. The future trend of concentration in childbearing in low fertility countries will mainly depend on the extent of childlessness.</abstract>
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