General Problems of Forest Environment Protection in Poland

3271 19 3312 3 6583 document 3312 WP-89-073.pdf application/pdf 8a65950818ddacd4c7c7a71613749055 MD5 1715707 2016-01-15 01:59:37 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/3271/1/WP-89-073.pdf 3271 1 1 text en public

WP-89-073.pdf

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WP-89-073.pdf

http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/3312 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/3312 http://eprints.org/relation/isCoversheetVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/3312 archive 351 disk0/00/00/32/71 2016-01-15 01:59:37 2021-08-27 17:13:34 2016-01-15 01:59:37 monograph show 2 Szujecki A. General Problems of Forest Environment Protection in Poland pub iis_env iis_for iis_ecn iis_mnt prog_bio From the very beginning of mankind, forests affected the shape of human civilization by supplying environmental values and food, wood and its derivatives harvested in the course of merciless exploitation. Changes in the environment caused by human activity included whole forest biocenoses, which acquired an ever increasing degree of anthropogenic character over considerable expanses of Europe. Destruction of the earth's surface, forest fires, extreme weather factors, disease, outbreaks of noxious insects, and a mass appearance of game animals affected forests in Poland during the last 200 years, but especially in recent decades. Soil degradation is also observed, mainly in oligotrophic habitats of coniferous forests, as a direct consequence of overly intense forest utilization. Century-long changes in the turnover of elements in forest ecosystems overlapped with deposition of air pollutants over the last 40 years. Poland belongs to the majority of European countries which receive from local sources and from abroad more atmosphere pollutants, e.g., sulphur, than they export. Complex influences of air pollutants under certain weather conditions lead to forest decline. However, trees die sometimes also under low concentrations of pollutants, without signs of insect or fungal activity, even under favorable climatic conditions. In this paper, the inventory of Polish forests, as well as the program for monitoring decline, is discussed and the regionalization of forest decline is shown. Then, counteracting methods against degradation of forest ecosystems used in Polish forestry are presented. I suggest new forest policies and propose a new model of forest management as well as restriction of technical pressures on the forest environment. 1989-10 published WP-89-073 WP-89-073 10 public working_paper IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria 41 FALSE info:eu-repo/semantics/book