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 of certain characteristic behavioral properties in the face
 of stress, strain and surprise. But the origins of this resilient
 behavior lie in the structure of the systems which
 concern us. Our need as policy analysts may only be one of
 comparative measures: Which system is more resilient? But
 as active designers -- as engineers, managers, or responsible
 policy advisors -- we need to be able to say what mechanisms
 or relationships make a system resilient, and what actions we
 can take to make it more or less so.
 
 This need for a causal view of resilience led us to a
 search for persistence-promoting (or &quot;resilient&quot;) mechanisms
 and relationships in a variety of natural and man-made systems.</abstract>
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