Similar title to Grubler, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7814-4990 & Nakicenovic, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-4604 (1991). Long waves, technology diffusion, and substitution. Review (Fernand Braudel Center) 14 (2) 313-343.