<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<eprints xmlns='http://eprints.org/ep2/data/2.0'>
  <eprint id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/466'>
    <eprintid>466</eprintid>
    <rev_number>12</rev_number>
    <documents>
      <document id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485'>
        <docid>485</docid>
        <rev_number>2</rev_number>
        <files>
          <file id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/file/950'>
            <fileid>950</fileid>
            <datasetid>document</datasetid>
            <objectid>485</objectid>
            <filename>RM-75-050.pdf</filename>
            <mime_type>application/pdf</mime_type>
            <hash>c61cf8e703565ce937a9a12aefd83734</hash>
            <hash_type>MD5</hash_type>
            <filesize>791812</filesize>
            <mtime>2016-01-15 01:42:48</mtime>
            <url>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/466/1/RM-75-050.pdf</url>
          </file>
        </files>
        <eprintid>466</eprintid>
        <pos>1</pos>
        <placement>1</placement>
        <format>text</format>
        <language>en</language>
        <security>public</security>
        <main>RM-75-050.pdf</main>
        <coversheetid>20</coversheetid>
      </document>
      <document id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/29695'>
        <docid>29695</docid>
        <rev_number>2</rev_number>
        <files>
          <file id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/file/41427'>
            <fileid>41427</fileid>
            <datasetid>document</datasetid>
            <objectid>29695</objectid>
            <filename>lightbox.jpg</filename>
            <mime_type>image/png</mime_type>
            <hash>1d9e37d9400bd80196f3858bb8e01ad3</hash>
            <hash_type>MD5</hash_type>
            <filesize>10569</filesize>
            <mtime>2016-01-15 22:58:24</mtime>
            <url>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/466/2/lightbox.jpg</url>
          </file>
        </files>
        <eprintid>466</eprintid>
        <pos>2</pos>
        <placement>2</placement>
        <mime_type>image/png</mime_type>
        <format>other</format>
        <formatdesc>Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox</formatdesc>
        <language>en</language>
        <security>public</security>
        <main>lightbox.jpg</main>
        <relation>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/islightboxThumbnailVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
        </relation>
      </document>
      <document id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/29696'>
        <docid>29696</docid>
        <rev_number>2</rev_number>
        <files>
          <file id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/file/41428'>
            <fileid>41428</fileid>
            <datasetid>document</datasetid>
            <objectid>29696</objectid>
            <filename>preview.jpg</filename>
            <mime_type>image/png</mime_type>
            <hash>8f8a7abbb173d2632c61b3090dae9889</hash>
            <hash_type>MD5</hash_type>
            <filesize>4317</filesize>
            <mtime>2016-01-15 22:58:25</mtime>
            <url>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/466/3/preview.jpg</url>
          </file>
        </files>
        <eprintid>466</eprintid>
        <pos>3</pos>
        <placement>3</placement>
        <mime_type>image/png</mime_type>
        <format>other</format>
        <formatdesc>Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview</formatdesc>
        <language>en</language>
        <security>public</security>
        <main>preview.jpg</main>
        <relation>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
        </relation>
      </document>
      <document id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/29697'>
        <docid>29697</docid>
        <rev_number>2</rev_number>
        <files>
          <file id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/file/41429'>
            <fileid>41429</fileid>
            <datasetid>document</datasetid>
            <objectid>29697</objectid>
            <filename>medium.jpg</filename>
            <mime_type>image/png</mime_type>
            <hash>402bd8df04bd1a8340f4fafcbc375b8b</hash>
            <hash_type>MD5</hash_type>
            <filesize>1505</filesize>
            <mtime>2016-01-15 22:58:26</mtime>
            <url>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/466/4/medium.jpg</url>
          </file>
        </files>
        <eprintid>466</eprintid>
        <pos>4</pos>
        <placement>4</placement>
        <mime_type>image/png</mime_type>
        <format>other</format>
        <formatdesc>Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium</formatdesc>
        <language>en</language>
        <security>public</security>
        <main>medium.jpg</main>
        <relation>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/ismediumThumbnailVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
        </relation>
      </document>
      <document id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/29698'>
        <docid>29698</docid>
        <rev_number>2</rev_number>
        <files>
          <file id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/file/41430'>
            <fileid>41430</fileid>
            <datasetid>document</datasetid>
            <objectid>29698</objectid>
            <filename>small.jpg</filename>
            <mime_type>image/png</mime_type>
            <hash>b8d57cabdc0b100a2cc1af4c2567379e</hash>
            <hash_type>MD5</hash_type>
            <filesize>921</filesize>
            <mtime>2016-01-15 22:58:26</mtime>
            <url>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/466/5/small.jpg</url>
          </file>
        </files>
        <eprintid>466</eprintid>
        <pos>5</pos>
        <placement>5</placement>
        <mime_type>image/png</mime_type>
        <format>other</format>
        <formatdesc>Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small</formatdesc>
        <language>en</language>
        <security>public</security>
        <main>small.jpg</main>
        <relation>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/issmallThumbnailVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
        </relation>
      </document>
      <document id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/29699'>
        <docid>29699</docid>
        <rev_number>1</rev_number>
        <files>
          <file id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/file/41431'>
            <fileid>41431</fileid>
            <datasetid>document</datasetid>
            <objectid>29699</objectid>
            <filename>indexcodes.txt</filename>
            <mime_type>text/x-c++</mime_type>
            <hash>33d0b867ad4f11703380592431a3cfcb</hash>
            <hash_type>MD5</hash_type>
            <filesize>11340</filesize>
            <mtime>2016-01-15 22:58:28</mtime>
            <url>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/466/6/indexcodes.txt</url>
          </file>
        </files>
        <eprintid>466</eprintid>
        <pos>6</pos>
        <placement>6</placement>
        <mime_type>text/x-c++</mime_type>
        <format>other</format>
        <formatdesc>Generate index codes conversion from text to indexcodes</formatdesc>
        <language>en</language>
        <security>public</security>
        <main>indexcodes.txt</main>
        <relation>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
        </relation>
      </document>
      <document id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/69980'>
        <docid>69980</docid>
        <rev_number>2</rev_number>
        <files>
          <file id='https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/file/193346'>
            <fileid>193346</fileid>
            <datasetid>document</datasetid>
            <objectid>69980</objectid>
            <filename>RM-75-050.pdf</filename>
            <mime_type>application/pdf</mime_type>
            <hash>facd91cdbbf230d8501ebc8678179755</hash>
            <hash_type>MD5</hash_type>
            <filesize>1229128</filesize>
            <mtime>2016-08-14 08:26:29</mtime>
            <url>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/466/7/RM-75-050.pdf</url>
          </file>
        </files>
        <eprintid>466</eprintid>
        <pos>7</pos>
        <placement>7</placement>
        <mime_type>application/pdf</mime_type>
        <format>other</format>
        <formatdesc>Coversheet Pages conversion from text to application/pdf</formatdesc>
        <language>en</language>
        <security>public</security>
        <main>RM-75-050.pdf</main>
        <relation>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
          <item>
            <type>http://eprints.org/relation/isCoversheetVersionOf</type>
            <uri>https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/485</uri>
          </item>
        </relation>
      </document>
    </documents>
    <eprint_status>archive</eprint_status>
    <userid>351</userid>
    <dir>disk0/00/00/04/66</dir>
    <datestamp>2016-01-15 01:42:48</datestamp>
    <lastmod>2021-08-27 17:08:10</lastmod>
    <status_changed>2016-01-15 01:42:48</status_changed>
    <type>monograph</type>
    <metadata_visibility>show</metadata_visibility>
    <item_issues_count>2</item_issues_count>
    <creators>
      <item>
        <name>
          <family>Orchard-Hays</family>
          <given>W.</given>
        </name>
        <id>AL0305</id>
      </item>
    </creators>
    <title>Software Systems Viewed as an Analogy to Industrial Organizations</title>
    <ispublished>pub</ispublished>
    <internal_subjects>
      <item>iis_mnt</item>
      <item>iis_cmp</item>
    </internal_subjects>
    <divisions>
      <item>prog_sds</item>
    </divisions>
    <abstract>This paper is not &quot;scientific&quot; in any usual sense. Rather, software systems are described by means of analogies with large industrial and other organizations. The curious nature of software is first pointed out, and then its major dimensions are listed. Typical attributes of a large organization and its functions are briefly set forth and then these abstractions are related to systems of programs. The dual nature of an organization and its technology is suggested and then applied to systems of programs and the data structures on which they operate. The role of the user is discussed, several aspects being shown. Finally, a few maxims for building, maintaining, and using software systems are given. 

&quot;An idea, like a ghost, ..., must be spoken to a little before it will explain itself.&quot; (Dickens)</abstract>
    <date>1975-09</date>
    <date_type>published</date_type>
    <publisher>RM-75-050</publisher>
    <iiasapubid>RM-75-050</iiasapubid>
    <price>10</price>
    <creators_browse_id>
      <item>2265</item>
    </creators_browse_id>
    <full_text_status>public</full_text_status>
    <monograph_type>research_memorandum</monograph_type>
    <place_of_pub>IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria</place_of_pub>
    <pages>23</pages>
    <coversheets_dirty>FALSE</coversheets_dirty>
    <fp7_type>info:eu-repo/semantics/book</fp7_type>
  </eprint>
</eprints>
