The Ecology Project commenced work in 1973 with the initial and continuing goal of developing a coherent science of ecological management. The products of our research can be divided into three groups: conceptual, applied, and case studies. To give the project focus, we chose to analyze in detail specific regional case studies. Each of these examples has all the ingredients of a large class of problems that together comprise the global problems of resource management for food, fiber, energy, and cultural needs of societies. This report provides an overview of the work of this project through July, 1975, and a summary of our current thinking on future directions and formats of ecological and environmental research at IIASA. The major content of this report is comprised of a description of the case studies which have formed the core of the past two years' efforts.