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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/4675 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/4675 http://eprints.org/relation/isCoversheetVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/4675 archive 351 disk0/00/00/62/05 2016-01-15 02:12:40 2021-08-27 17:17:15 2016-01-15 02:12:40 monograph show 2 Doebeli M. Dieckmann U. 1668 0000-0001-7089-0393 pub iis_ecl prog_adn Adaptive dynamics; Evolutionary branching; Sympatric speciation; Competition; Mutualism; Predation; Quantitative genetics Evolutionary branching occurs when frequency-dependent selection splits a phenotypically monomorphic population into two distinct phenotypic clusters. A prerequisite for evolutionary branching is that directional selection drives the population towards a fitness minimum in phenotype space. This paper demonstrates that selection regimes leading to evolutionary branching readily arise from a wide variety of different ecological interactions within and between species. We use classical ecological models for symmetric and asymmetric competition, for mutualism, and for predator-prey interactions to describe evolving populations with continuously varying characters. For these models, we investigate the ecological and evolutionary conditions that allow for evolutionary branching and establish that branching is a generic and robust phenomenon. Evolutionary branching becomes a model for sympatric speciation when population genetics and mating mechanisms are incorporated into ecological models. In sexual populations with random mating, the continual production of intermediate phenotypes from two incipient branches prevents evolutionary branching. In contrast, when mating is assortative for the ecological characters under study, evolutionary branching is possible in sexual populations and can lead to speciation. Therefore, we also study the evolution of assortative mating as a quantitative character. We show that evolution under branching conditions selects for assortativeness and thus allows sexual populations to escape from fitness minima. We conclude that evolutionary branching offers a general basis for understanding adaptive speciation and radiation under a wide range of different ecological conditions. 2000-07 published IR-00-040 IR-00-040 66 public interim_report IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria 44 FALSE info:eu-repo/semantics/book