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    <title>The Mandatory Forest Certification Scheme as a Tool for Sustainable Forest Management in Russia</title>
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    <abstract>The Certification Law in the Russian Federation regulates both voluntary  and mandatory forest certification. The Mandatory Forest Certification  Scheme (MFCS) was developed observing the principles, criteria and  indicators of the Helsinki and Montreal processes, as well as the Russian list  of criteria and indicators.  Also the principles of the Forest Stewardship  Council and the International Organization for Standardization Standard  14001 were used as reference. The scheme has been tested in five regions,  and an auditing of a large North-American forest company will be carried  out during the summer of 2001 in Karelia.  

The mandatory scheme differs in some respects from the certification  systems developed elsewhere. One of the major distinguishing features is  that the set of criteria are presented in the form of 24 normative documents,  including the Forest Code. In addition, the applicant of the MFCS certificate  is the forest user, instead of the forest owner, which is the state in the  Russian Federation.   

The scheme is aimed to cover the ecological, economical, social and cultural  aspects of sustainable forestry, and an independent certification body issues  the certificate. The scheme includes third party auditing and provides the  possibility for the state or public organizations to supervise forest loggings,  and request non-scheduled auditing from the Forest Certification Center if  deemed necessary.  

The scheme is aimed to complement the Helsinki and Montreal processes by  putting the general forest policy into action at the operational level in the  leskhozes.</abstract>
    <date>2001-07</date>
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