8028 14 13026 2 21054 document 13026 IR-06-071.pdf application/pdf bd0faa87226c88c2cd0de4898f4f2df2 MD5 564747 2016-01-15 08:38:55 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/8028/1/IR-06-071.pdf 8028 1 1 text en public
IR-06-071.pdf
15 17132 2 28862 document 17132 lightbox.jpg image/png 8fbe330d2542d1f5e80ba3fb5f8472e9 MD5 19253 2016-01-15 12:10:08 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/8028/2/lightbox.jpg 8028 2 2 image/png other Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_lightbox en public
lightbox.jpg
http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 http://eprints.org/relation/islightboxThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 17133 2 28863 document 17133 preview.jpg image/png 3da370872b9a8cec46e76acffe83d43a MD5 8123 2016-01-15 12:10:09 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/8028/3/preview.jpg 8028 3 3 image/png other Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_preview en public
preview.jpg
http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 17134 2 28864 document 17134 medium.jpg image/png 3bf8594f55a7b777f7f88c548fd67c6f MD5 2979 2016-01-15 12:10:10 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/8028/4/medium.jpg 8028 4 4 image/png other Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_medium en public
medium.jpg
http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 http://eprints.org/relation/ismediumThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 17135 2 28865 document 17135 small.jpg image/png 67359ec7e5d8446389bafbb82a3506ed MD5 1132 2016-01-15 12:10:11 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/8028/5/small.jpg 8028 5 5 image/png other Thumbnails conversion from text to thumbnail_small en public
small.jpg
http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 http://eprints.org/relation/issmallThumbnailVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 17136 1 28866 document 17136 indexcodes.txt text/x-c++ e7093a27364f4738b0ef9d6962bfa28b MD5 15591 2016-01-15 12:10:12 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/8028/6/indexcodes.txt 8028 6 6 text/x-c++ other Generate index codes conversion from text to indexcodes en public
indexcodes.txt
http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 73325 2 202028 document 73325 IR-06-071.pdf application/pdf 6e23390f9772287f46588562629c33ee MD5 602520 2016-11-07 01:19:42 https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/8028/7/IR-06-071.pdf 8028 7 7 application/pdf other Coversheet Pages conversion from text to application/pdf en public
IR-06-071.pdf
http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 http://eprints.org/relation/isCoversheetVersionOf https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/document/13026 archive 351 disk0/00/00/80/28 2016-01-15 08:38:54 2021-08-27 17:19:36 2016-01-15 08:38:54 monograph show 3 Galis F. Van Dooren T.J.M. Feuth J.D. Metz J.A.J. 7506 Witkam A. Ruinard S. Steigenga M.J. Wijnaendts L.C.D. Extreme Selection in Humans Against Homeotic Transformations of Cervical Vertebrae pub iis_ecl prog_eep Why do all mammals, except for sloths and manatees, have exactly seven cervical vertebrae? In other vertebrates and other regions, the vertebral number varies considerably. We investigated whether natural selection constrains the number of cervical vertebrae in humans. To this end, we determined the incidence of cervical ribs and other homeotic vertebral changes in radiographs of deceased human fetuses and infants, and analyzed several existing datasets on the incidence in infants and adults. Our data show that homeotic transformations that change the number of cervical vertebrae are extremely common in humans, but are strongly selected against: almost all individuals die before reproduction. Selection is most probably indirect, caused by a strong coupling of such changes with major congenital abnormalities. Changes in the number of thoracic vertebrae appear to be subject to weaker selection, in good correspondence with the weaker evolutionary constraint on these numbers. Our analysis highlights the role of prenatal selection in the conservation of our common body plan. 2006-12 published IR-06-071 IR-06-071 206 public interim_report IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria 41 FALSE info:eu-repo/semantics/book