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Previous reports (PP-78-6, PP-78-7, RM-78-41) describe initial studies of the relationship between energy consumption, economic development, and health, and present data on infant mortality as it is influenced by development. Here, longevity from birth is used as the dependent variable. Unlike infant mortality, which  represents death rates within a single age group, namely 0 to 1, longevity from birth is an aggregate of death rates at all ages. From both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses which include a large number of independent variables, it is concluded that longevity is strongly influenced by development. Both per  capita energy consumption and literacy show strong interactions with longevity, but approximately half of the improvements in the death rates that have occured since 1950 remain  unexplained.</abstract>
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