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    <abstract>The entropy flow in solar radiation is discussed on the basis of Planck&apos;s theory of blackbody radiation. It is 133 per cent of the entropy flow in heat conduction (of the same power and temperature) and leads to a modified Carnot efficiency limit for photocells. Chemical reactions involve both entropy generation by dissipation and net stripping of structural entropy. 

Photosynthesis of biomatter is a chemical reaction pumped against chemical potential differences by solar radiation or photon power. It reduces the structural entropy compared to the entropy of the reacting oxides and constitutes a negentropy accumulation. The structural entropy capacity of matter is compared to a vase that changes its width during reaction. Both the entropy flow of solar  radiation and the removed structural entropy are reradiated into space; in this view space is as important as solar radiation for sustaining life. 

In the beginning section,as a preparation to the above, the known exergy efficiency is shown to be less arbitrary than conventional efficiency and related to entropy generation or negentropy consumption.</abstract>
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