Überwachung der Kfz-Emissionen im realen Verkehr, Methoden und Ergebnisse

Hausberger, S., Borken-Kleefeld, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5465-8559, Matzer, C., & Lipp, S. (2018). Überwachung der Kfz-Emissionen im realen Verkehr, Methoden und Ergebnisse. In: Conference proceedings to the Technical Congress 2018. pp. 224-237 Berlin: Verband der Automobilindustrie.

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Abstract

Systematic monitoring of real driving emissions from vehicles started in the 1990’ies with measurements for the Handbook on Emission factors (HBEFA, http://www.hbefa.net/e/index.html). From 2000 to 2005, a European consortium improved the methods for vehicle testing and evaluation in the EU FP7 Project ARTEMIS. Results from this project are e.g. the ARTEMIS driving cycle (CADC), frequently used for real world LDVs chassis dyno tests, and the ERMES data base, where test results from independent European labs are brought together. Based on the ARTEMIS core consortium, the ERMES group was established (http://www.ermes-group.eu/web/). The ERMES group consists of laboratories, funding organisations and researchers dealing with emission testing with PEMS and on the dynamometer, with remote sensing measurement and with corresponding analysis of measures and technologies to reduce emissions and energy consumption of road vehicles and mobile machines.
While the ERMES database on real world tests had only a limited number of cars until HBEFA version 3.1 (e.g. 24 different EURO 5 diesel cars measured), the available data significantly increased during the last 3 years (e.g. covering today 101 EURO 5 and 85 EURO 6 diesel cars).
Also for HDVs and 2-wheelers the number of measured vehicles increased significantly after the recent discussions on real world NOx emissions from diesel LDVs. Parallel to the conventional vehicle tests also remote sensing has been systematically developed for vehicle emission monitoring. Remote sensing measures the incremental concentration of gases in the exhaust plume of passing vehicles and thus provides mass emissions per mass of CO2. The number plate is used to identify make and model, engine type, year of registration and emission standard. This information is then associated with the measured instantaneous emissions. Since remote sensing measures thousands of vehicles per day, the data is very useful for the analysis of trends, which need a high number of vehicles to be representative. E.g., Remote Sensing can monitor aging and temperature influences and emission levels per EURO class, brand and possibly vehicle model also as basis for the selection of vehicles for more detailed instrumented tests.
The paper describes the methods developed for the monitoring and evaluation and shows actual trends in vehicle emissions.

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