Concurrent climate extremes and biological carryover effects dominate severe seasonal reductions in northern vegetation growth

Luo, Y., Yang, H., Xu, H., Huntingford, C., Orth, R., Li, X., & Peñuelas, J. (2026). Concurrent climate extremes and biological carryover effects dominate severe seasonal reductions in northern vegetation growth. One Earth 9 (4) e101624. 10.1016/j.oneear.2026.101624.

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Abstract

Climate extremes pose severe threats to vegetation structure and function. Vegetation dynamics are shaped by both concurrent climate conditions and legacy effects from past vegetation states, yet their relative roles in driving seasonal extreme negative anomalies in vegetation growth (NEGs) remain unclear. Here, we analyze satellite-derived vegetation data from 2000 to 2022 to attribute seasonal NEGs to climate extremes and past vegetation states. Approximately 60% of seasonal NEGs coincide with climate extremes. Cold extremes dominate vegetation reductions in boreal regions across all seasons, whereas in temperate regions, drivers shift from spring cold extremes to summer and autumn droughts or heatwaves. Independent of climate extremes, biological carryover effects account for >10% of seasonal NEGs and increase the likelihood of prolonged vegetation stress, with similar to 23% of spring NEGs persisting into at least one subsequent season. Our findings suggest that biological legacies extend the impact of short-term climate extremes, complicating predictions of ecosystem responses to climate change.

Item Type:	Article
Research Programs:	Biodiversity and Natural Resources (BNR) Biodiversity and Natural Resources (BNR) > Integrated Biosphere Futures (IBF)
Depositing User:	Luke Kirwan
Date Deposited:	05 May 2026 06:30
Last Modified:	05 May 2026 06:30
URI:	https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/21536

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