Ammonia Emissions in Europe: Emission Coefficient and Abatement Costs

Klaassen, G. (1992). Ammonia Emissions in Europe: Emission Coefficient and Abatement Costs. IIASA Collaborative Paper. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: CP-92-004

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Abstract

Although public concern about the detrimental impacts of acidification in Europe initially centered on sulfur emissions, it is now widely accepted that nitrogen is also an important factor. Nitrogen deposition results both from emission of nitrogen oxides (mainly from energy combustion) and from emissions of ammonia. The most important sources of ammonia emissions are livestock farming and the use of artificial fertilizers.

An efficient strategy to reduce acidification should not only focus on a single pollutant (e.g. SO2), but should balance reductions in emissions for all substances contributing to the problem. Cost-effective strategies, therefore, require knowledge on the most important emission sources as well as the costs for reducing emissions. Whereas such analysis for SO2 and NOx emissions has been performed earlier, similar expertise on the potential and costs of reducing ammonia emissions has been lacking for a long time.

This paper, containing the proceedings of a workshop on ammonia emissions in Europe held at IIASA in 1991, makes a first attempt to create a comprehensive international overview on this subject. Thereby, it will provide an important basis for the design of cost-effective strategies for reducing acidification in Europe, balancing reductions in emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and ammonia.

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