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Article

Roman-Cuesta, R.M., den Elzen, M., Araujo-Gutierrez, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2228-7079, Forsell, N., Lamb, W.F., McGlynn, E., Melo, J., Rossi, S., Meinshausen, M., Federici, S., Gidden, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-414X, Keramidas, K., Korosuo, A. & Grassi, G. (2025). Land remains a blind spot in tracking progress under the Paris Agreement due to lack of data comparability. Communications Earth & Environment 6 (1), e598. 10.1038/s43247-025-02494-9.

Grassi, G., Peters, G.P., Canadell, J.G., Cescatti, A., Federici, S., Gidden, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-414X, Harris, N., Herold, M., Krug, T., O’Sullivan, M., Pongratz, J., Sanz, M.J., Schwingshackl, C. & van Vuuren, D. (2025). Improving land-use emission estimates under the Paris Agreement. Nature Sustainability 10.1038/s41893-025-01565-1.

Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Arneth, A. et al. (2025). Global Carbon Budget 2024. Earth System Science Data Discussions 17 (3), 965-1039. 10.18160/GCP-2024.

Lamb, W.F., Schleussner, C.-F. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-848X, Grassi, G., Smith, S.M., Gidden, M.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-414X, Geden, O., Runge-Metzger, A., Vaughan, N.E., Nemet, G.F., Johnstone, I., Schulte, I. & Minx, J.C (2024). Countries need to provide clarity on the role of carbon dioxide removal in their climate pledges. Environmental Research Letters 19, e121001. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad91c7.

MacDougall, A.H., Rogelj, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2056-9061, Jones, C.D., Liddicoat, S.K. & Grassi, G. (2024). Detecting climate milestones on the path to climate stabilization. Environmental Research Letters 19 (7), e074065. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5ab1.

Lamb, W.F., Gasser, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2647, Roman-Cuesta, R.M., Grassi, G., Gidden, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-414X, Powis, C.M., Geden, O., Nemet, G., Pratama, Y. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7660-4666, Riahi, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7193-3498, Smith, S.M., Steinhauser, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-6855, Vaughan, N.E., Smith, H.B. & Minx, J.C. (2024). The carbon dioxide removal gap. Nature Climate Change 10.1038/s41558-024-01984-6.

Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Bakker, D.C.E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I.T., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L. et al. (2023). Global Carbon Budget 2023. Earth System Science Data 15 (12), 5301-5369. 10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023.

Gidden, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-414X, Gasser, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2647, Grassi, G., Forsell, N., Janssens, I., Lamb, W., Minx, J., Nicholls, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-2723, Steinhauser, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-6855 & Riahi, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7193-3498 (2023). Aligning climate scenarios to emissions inventories shifts global benchmarks. Nature 624, 102-108. 10.1038/s41586-023-06724-y.

McGrath, M.J., Petrescu, A.M.R., Peylin, P., Andrew, R.M., Matthews, B., Dentener, F., Balkovič, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2955-4931, Bastrikov, V., Becker, M., Broquet, G., Ciais, P., Fortems-Cheiney, A., Ganzenmüller, R., Grassi, G., Harris, I., Jones, M., Knauer, J., Kuhnert, M., Monteil, G., Munassar, S. et al. (2023). The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2020. Earth System Science Data 15 (10), 4295-4370. 10.5194/essd-15-4295-2023.

Winkler, K., Yang, H., Ganzenmüller, R., Fuchs, R., Ceccherini, G., Duveiller, G., Grassi, G., Pongratz, J., Bastos, A., Shvidenko, A., Araza, A., Herold, M., Wigneron, J.-P. & Ciais, P. (2023). Changes in land use and management led to a decline in Eastern Europe’s terrestrial carbon sink. Communications Earth & Environment 4 (1), e237. 10.1038/s43247-023-00893-4.

Grassi, G., Schwingshackl, C., Gasser, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2647, Houghton, R.A., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Cescatti, A., Ciais, P., Federici, S., Friedlingstein, P., Kurz, W.A., Sanz Sanchez, M.J., Abad Viñas, R., Alkama, R., Bultan, S., Ceccherini, G., Falk, S., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Knauer, J. et al. (2023). Harmonising the land-use flux estimates of global models and national inventories for 2000–2020. Earth System Science Data 15 (3), 1093-1114. 10.5194/essd-15-1093-2023.

Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I.T., Olsen, A., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Alkama, R., Arneth, A. et al. (2022). Global Carbon Budget 2022. Earth System Science Data 14 (11), 4811-4900. 10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022.

Gidden, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-414X, Gasser, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2647, Grassi, G., Forsell, N., Janssens, I., Lamb, W., Minx, J., Nicholls, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-2723, Steinhauser, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-6855 & Riahi, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7193-3498 (2022). Policy guidance and pitfalls aligning IPCC scenarios to national land emissions inventories. Earth and Space Science Open Archive 10.1002/essoar.10512676.2.

Friedlingstein, P., Jones, M.W., O'Sullivan, M., Andrew, R.M., Bakker, D.C.E., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Anthoni, P., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bopp, L. et al. (2022). Global Carbon Budget 2021. Earth System Science Data 14, 1917-2005. 10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022.

Roe, S., Streck, C., Beach, R., Bush, J., Chapman, M., Daioglou, V., Deppermann, A., Doelman, J., Emmet-Booth, J., Engelmann, J., Fricko, O. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6835-9883, Frischmann, C., Funk, J., Grassi, G., Griscom, B., Havlik, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5551-5085, Hanssen, S., Humpenöder, F., Landholm, D., Lomax, G. et al. (2021). Land-based measures to mitigate climate change: Potential and feasibility by country. Global Change Biology 27, 6025- 6058. 10.1111/gcb.15873.

Grassi, G., Stehfest, E., Rogelj, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2056-9061, van Vuuren, D., Cescatti, A., House, J., Nabuurs, G.-J., Rossi, S., Alkama, R., Viñas, R.A., Calvin, K., Ceccherini, G., Federici, S., Fujimori, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7897-1796, Gusti, M., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5551-5085, Humpenöder, F., Korosuo, A., Perugini, L. et al. (2021). Critical adjustment of land mitigation pathways for assessing countries’ climate progress. Nature Climate Change 10.1038/s41558-021-01033-6.

Petrescu, A.M.R., Peters, G.P., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Ciais, P., Tubiello, F.N., Grassi, G., Nabuurs, G.J., Leip, A., Carmona-Garcia, G., Winiwarter, W. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-1496, Höglund-Isaksson, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7514-3135, Günther, D., Solazzo, E., Kiesow, A., Bastos, A., Pongratz, J., Nabel, J.E.M.S., Conchedda, G., Pilli, R., Andrew, R.M. et al. (2020). European anthropogenic AFOLU greenhouse gas emissions: a review and benchmark data. Earth System Science Data 12 (2), 961-1001. 10.5194/essd-12-961-2020.

Groen, T.A., Verkerk, P.J., Bottcher, H., Grassi, G., Cienciala, E., Black, K.G., Fortin, M., Koethke, M., Lehtonen, A., Nabuurs, G.J., Petrova, L. & Blujdea, V. (2013). What causes differences between national estimates of forest management carbon emissions and removals compared to estimates of large-scale models? Environmental Science & Policy 10.1016/j.envsci.2013.06.005.

Bottcher, H., Verkerk, P.J., Gusti, M., Havlik, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5551-5085 & Grassi, G. (2012). Projection of the future EU forest CO2 sink as affected by recent bioenergy policies using two advanced forest management models. GCB Bioenergy 4 (6), 773-783. 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01152.x.

Hoehne, N., Taylor, C., Elias, R., den Elzen, M., Riahi, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7193-3498, Chen, C., Rogelj, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2056-9061, Grassi, G., Wagner, F. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3429-2374, Levin, K., Massetti, E. & Xiusheng, Z. (2012). National GHG emissions reduction pledges and 2 degrees C: Comparison of studies. Climate Policy 12 (3), 356-377. 10.1080/14693062.2011.637818.

Book Section

Schelhaas, M.-J., Nabuurs, G.-J., Verkerk, P.J., Hengeveld, G., Packalen, T., Sallnäs, O., Pilli, R., Grassi, G., Forsell, N., Frank, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-8547, Gusti, M. & Havlik, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5551-5085 (2017). Forest Resource Projection Tools at the European Level. In: Forest Inventory-based Projection Systems for Wood and Biomass Availability. Eds. Barreiro, S., Schelhaas, M.-J., McRoberts, R.E. & Kändler, G., pp. 49-68 Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. ISBN 978-3-319-56201-8 10.1007/978-3-319-56201-8_4.

den Elzen, M., Fransen, T., Hohne, N., Winkler, H., Schaeffer, R., Sha, F., Garg, A., Cunliffe, G., Fekete, H., Ge, M., Grassi, G., Roelfsema, M., Rogelj, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2056-9061, Sterl, S. & Vasquez, E. (2015). The emissions gap in 2025 and 2030. In: The Emissions Gap Report 2015-A UN Environment Synthesis Report. pp. 12-27 Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). ISBN 978-92-807-3491-1

Conference or Workshop Item

Gidden, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-414X, Gasser, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2647, Grassi, G., Forsell, N., Janssens, I., Lamb, W., Minx, J., Nicholls, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-2723, Steinhauser, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-6855 & Riahi, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7193-3498 (2024). Aligning climate scenarios to emissions inventories shifts global benchmarks. DOI:10.5194/egusphere-egu24-218. In: EGU General Assembly 2024, 14-19 April 2024, Vienna.

Data

Gidden, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-414X, Gasser, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2647, Grassi, G., Forsell, N., Janssens, I., Lamb, W., Minx, Jan, Nicholls, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-2723, Steinhauser, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-6855 & Riahi, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7193-3498 (2023). Dataset for Gidden et.al. 2023 Updated AR6 Mitigation Benchmarks using National Emissions Inventories. 10.5281/zenodo.8411053.

Obermeier, W.A., Schwingshackl, C., Bastos, A., Conchedda, G., Gasser, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2647, Grassi, G., Houghton, R.A., Sitch, S. & Pongratz, J. (2023). Country-level estimates of gross and net carbon fluxes from land use, land-use change and forestry. 10.5281/zenodo.8144173.

Grassi, G., Schwingshackl, C., Gasser, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2647, Houghton, R.A., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Cescatti, A., Ciais, P., Federici, S., Friedlingstein, P., Kurz, W.A., Sanz Sanchez, M.J., Abad Viñas, R., Alkama, R., Bultan, S., Ceccherini, G., Falk, S., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Knauer, J. et al. (2023). Harmonising the land-use flux estimates of global models and national inventories for 2000-2020: background data. 10.5281/zenodo.7541524.

McGrath, M., Petrescu, A., Peylin, P., Andrew, R., Matthews, B., Dentener, F., Balkovič, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2955-4931, Bastrikov, V., Becker, M., Broquet, G., Ciais, P., Fortems, A., Ganzenmüller, R., Grassi, G., Harris, I., Jones, M., Knauer, J., Kuhnert, M., Monteil, G., Munassar, S. et al. (2022). Data for the consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for EU27 and UK: 1990-2020. 10.5281/zenodo.7365863.

Other

Smith, S., Geden, O., Nemet, G.F., Gidden, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-414X, Lamb, W.F., Powis, C., Bellamy, R., Callaghan, M.W., Cowie, A, Cox, E., Fuss, S., Gasser, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2647, Grassi, G., Greene, J., Lück, S., Mohan, A., Müller-Hansen, F., Peters, G. P., Pratama, Y. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7660-4666, Repke, T. et al. (2023). The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal - 1st Edition. The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal 10.17605/OSF.IO/W3B4Z.

den Elzen, M.G.J., Roelfsema, M., Hof, A., Böttcher, H. & Grassi, G. (2012). Analysing the Emission Gap Between Pledged Emission Reductions Under the Cancun Agreements and the 2 Degree-C Climate Target. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency , The Netherlands.